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On 12th October 2008 I attended a conference at which an epidemiologist stood up and said "My job is to tell you something you don't want to know, and ask you to spend money you haven't got on something you don't think is going to happen." Natural hazard impacts are becoming fiercer, more extensive and more frequent.
This document was first published in 2008 and has been updated (somewhat irregularly) at roughly two-year intervals. The new version presents 89 major hazards and threats that could potentially disrupt life in the United Kingdom and possibly cause casualties and damage. The 2023 NRR is clear and concise.
The lessons of the Covid-19 pandemic, alas largely negative, show that a good civilian system designed to protect the public against major hazards and threats can save thousands of lives and billions in losses and wasted expenditure. 1] The best solution to this problem is to promote inclusiveness in emergency preparedness at all levels.
What does all this mean for Britain? If we look at major emergencies in the UK over the last 25 years or so, there have been significant deficiencies in the response in just about every case. But in 2008 floods stretched from Alnwick in Northumberland to Tewksbury in Somerset, nearly 500 km away. Was this not a disaster?
Since the start of the crisis, I have constantly affirmed that the key to understanding the effects of this pandemic is the UK Government's failure to give adequate weight to emergencyplanning and management (Alexander 2020a, 2020b). Plans were made in the UK in 2006, 2008, 2011 and 2014.
Tierney (2008) provided a functional semantic classification of the size of extreme events (revised by Alexander 2016, p. ) d) Intentional disasters, comprising all forms of terrorism and sabotage. (e) Warming has already begun to have a substantial effect on the magnitude and frequency of meteorological hazards. Krausmann, E.,
As bodies piled up on street corners and in courtyards there was no time to count them all. For example, in the 2008 hurricane season, four named storms arrived. In his words, "the colonial institutions’ assiduous extraction of surpluses left the population both destitute and vulnerable to hazards for centuries to come."
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