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Resilience is an illusion. In saying that I mean no disrespect to resilience officers, whose work is honourable, vital and necessary. However, whether resilience has as its goal to 'bounce back' or to 'bounce forward', it represents a tendency to seek homeostasis, in other words a quest for an eventual stable equilibrium.
One of the most intransigent problems with the predecessor of the Sendai Framework, Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005-2015, was its resolute reliance on a 'top-down' approach. Recommendations for a Post-2015 Disaster Risk Reduction Framework to Strengthen the Resilience of Communities to All Hazards. UNISDR 2005. GNCSODR 2015.
Cyclone Nargis devastated Myanmar and killed 136,000 of its citizens, in part because they had no role in creating resilience against such an event. The coup de grâce was the response to Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. However, it is not exactly easy to organise an alternative system in the thick of the emergency.
It was also recognised that there was a need to improve post-quake response through public and specialist training for emergency and civil defence volunteers. Additionally, it was acknowledged that old buildings needed to undergo structural assessments and improvements to enhance their resilience to earthquakes.
Since the late 20th century, the concept of anomie has been reinterpreted (Allan 2005, pp. For example, if people are poor and their lives are generally precarious, they cannot be made resilient against disasters such as floods and earthquakes unless the problem of vulnerability to life's exigencies in general is reduced. Ambraseys, N.
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